解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::In the UK the increasing use of pre-admission parenteral antibiotic therapy in meningococcal disease has lessened the value of routine cultures as a tool to confirm diagnosis, and laboratory confirmation of invasive meningococcal infection is achieved increasingly by non-culture, nucleic acid amplification methods. Th...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268899004367
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In Rajahmundry town in India, 234 community cases of jaundice were interviewed for risk factors of viral hepatitis B and tested for markers of hepatitis A-E. About 41% and 1.7% of them were positive for anti-HBc and anti-HCV respectively. Of 83 cases who were tested within 3 months of onset of jaundice, 5 (6%), 11 (13...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268899003854
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Samples from 2427 cattle, 661 goats, 104 sheep, 98 camels and 82 horses were screened for brucella infections by the Rose Bengal Test and positive reactors confirmed by the complement fixation test. In cattle, the highest individual seroprevalence was in dairy herds kept under the intensive husbandry system, with an i...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268899004501
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The number of band differences in DNA macrorestriction profiles required to distinguish unrelated strains from an index strain varies in an outbreak with the species and restriction enzyme used. In order to define this difference for epidemiological studies of Serratia marcescens, we produced DNA fingerprints from 57 ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268899004112
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Drug use is a major mode of HIV transmission in Thailand. This study determined HIV incidence rates among drug users in a regional drug treatment centre in northern Thailand. A retrospective cohort of repeatedly-hospitalized drug users between 1993 and 1997 was formed and HIV incidence rates were calculated. The overa...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268899004197
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this work, we applied the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique to evaluate the genetic diversity in Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida (formerly Pasteurella piscicida), an important pathogen for different marine fish. Regardless of the oligonucleotide primer employed, the 29 isolates of Ph. damse...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268899004252
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::One-hundred and twenty-one isolates of Salmonella enterica serotype Montevideo, representing different biotypes and incidents of infection detected in the UK between 1977 and 1995, were analysed by EcoRI ribotyping, PvuII ribotyping and IS200 fingerprinting. Among the isolates examined, 7 EcoRI ribotypes, 5 PvuII ribo...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268899004033
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis A virus was assessed in a Dutch nationwide sample (n = 7367). A questionnaire was used to study the association with various sociodemographic characteristics. Overall, 33.8% (95% CI 31.6-36%) of the population had hepatitis A antibodies. The seroprevalence was less than 10% in...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268899003842
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cowpox is an orthopoxvirus infection endemic in European wild rodents, but with a wide host range including human beings. In this longitudinal study we examined cowpox in two wild rodent species, bank voles Clethrionomys glareolus and wood mice Apodemus sylvaticus, to investigate the dynamics of a virus in its wild re...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268899003799
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Incidence data by age of new episodes of influenza-like illness reported by sentinel general practice networks in England and Wales and in The Netherlands over a 10-year period were examined to provide estimates of the consulting population during influenza epidemic periods. Baseline levels of recording in each age gr...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268899003660
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The distribution of the meningococcal insertion sequence IS1301 was analysed in 496 strains of different serogroups and clonal lineages of Neisseria meningitidis, and in 64 neisserial strains other than N. meningitidis. IS1301 was found in meningococci, but not in apathogenic Neisseria sp. and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. T...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268899003647
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We previously reported an outbreak of vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) in a paediatric oncology unit in December 1995 which was associated with widespread environmental contamination of the unit with VRE. We undertook this study to evaluate the effectiveness of the infection control policy instituted subsequent ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s095026889900326x
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since the introduction of routine measles, mumps and rubella immunization for children in England and Wales in 1988, the incidence of mumps has declined steadily. We describe an outbreak of mumps in 1996 attacking 34 of a cohort of 98 schoolchildren born in 1982 and 1983. This is the largest outbreak in the UK since t...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s095026889900343x
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Available data sources on disease due to Bordetella pertussis, including notifications, hospital admissions, deaths, and an enhanced laboratory-based surveillance system commenced in January 1994, were reviewed for the period 1995-7. Pertussis notifications continued their approximately 3-year cycle although at histor...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268899003052
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::After a Christmas party in a restaurant, 48 (68%) of the 82 guests contracted calicivirus gastroenteritis. The epidemiological investigation showed that salad was strongly associated with the disease episode (RR = 2.43, P = 0.0005). Similar symptoms occurred among other customers who had had a meal at the same restaur...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s095026889900299x
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In March 1997, an outbreak of Vero cytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 (VTEC) infection occurred amongst holidaymakers returning from Fuerteventura, Canary Islands. For the investigation, a confirmed case was an individual staying in Fuerteventura during March 1997, with either E. coli O157 VTEC isolated in stoo...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268899002940
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study was designed to determine the prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection of beef calves at weaning, prior to arrival at the feedlot or mixing with cattle from other sources. Fifteen range cow-calf herds, which weaned calves in October and November, were sampled in Kansas, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska a...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268899002757
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sixty-seven strains of the five described Salmonella serotypes having antigens 6,7:c:1,5, that is S. enterica serotype Choleraesuis sensu stricto, Choleraesuis var. Kunzendorf, Choleraesuis var. Decatur, Paratyphi C, and Typhisuis, were examined for 16S rrn profile ribotype, presence of IS200 and phenotypic characters...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268899002654
更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a cross-sectional study conducted between March 1993 and February 1995, 7103 indiscriminately collected foxes were examined for Trichinella larvae. A total of 3295 serum samples were serologically investigated with an ELISA based on excretory-secretory antigen. The proportion of serologically positive animals range...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1017/s0950268899002617
更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Laboratory-based surveillance of salmonella isolates serotyped at four state health departments (Illinois, Michigan, Minnesota and Wisconsin) led to the identification of multistate outbreaks of salmonella infections during 1990 (176 cases of S. javiana) and 1993 (100 cases of S. montevideo). Community-based case-cont...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268899002393
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is generally accepted that the reservoir hosts of cowpox virus are wild rodents, although direct evidence for this is lacking for much of the virus's geographic range. Here, through a combination of serology and PCR, we demonstrate conclusively that the main hosts in Great Britain are bank voles, wood mice and shor...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268899002423
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::From 1985 to 1988, a total of 2496 swine sera from 60 farms in the Tohoku District of the Honshu Island of Japan were examined for antibodies to swine haemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (HEV), human coronavirus (HCV) and bovine coronavirus (BCV) by haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test. Antibodies to HEV 67N s...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268899002332
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sharps injuries are a major cause of transmission of hepatitis B and C viruses and human immunodeficiency virus in health-care workers. To determine the yearly incidence and causes of sharps injuries in health-care workers in Taiwan, we conducted a questionnaire survey in a total of 8645 health care workers, including...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268899002186
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objectives of this study were to investigate the coagulase gene polymorphism of Staphylococcus aureus isolates obtained from bovine mastitic milk and to determine the resistance of predominant and rare coagulase genotypes to bovine blood neutrophil bactericidal activities. A total of 453 isolates were collected fr...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268899002228
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::To estimate the incidence of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) following Campylobacter jejuni infection (CI) we studied three populations where outbreaks of CI had occurred involving an estimated 8000 cases. No case of GBS was detected in the 6 months following the outbreaks in the local populations. The point estimate fo...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268898001861
更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mode of spread of Helicobacter pylori infection is subject to ongoing debate. Recent studies among patients with gastrointestinal disorders suggest a potential role of conjugal transmission. In this study, the clustering of H. pylori infection was assessed among 110 employees of a health insurance company and thei...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268898001964
更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS) are reportable diseases, the third most common causes for hospitalization of children in Thailand. Data collected from the Ministry of Public Health were analysed for trends. Rates of DHF increased in Thailand until 1987 when the largest epidemic ever, 32...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268898001617
更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous respiratory tract infections (RTI) and antibiotics consumption as possible risk factors for extended duration of PRP carriage were investigated in 24 children (cases) with previous carriage of penicillin-resistant pneumococci (PRP) for a duration exceeding 120 days (median 168 days) and a control group of 53 ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268898001599
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::To determine the occupational significance of tick-borne zoonoses we sought serological evidence of Lyme borreliosis, human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME) and human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE) in a representative sample of farmworkers. Although around 20% reported ticks on their domestic and companion animals, few (...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268898001514
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report the co-circulation of a new lineage of measles virus (MV) and an Edmonston-like (Ed-like) genotype of MV in China during 1995-7. Sequence analysis of 25 strains was performed on a 282 nucleotides (nt) region of the nucleoprotein (N) gene, a 450-nt region of the haemagglutinin (H) gene and a 152-nt region of ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268898001666
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two groups of pigs were infected with a recent Italian isolate of swine vesicular disease virus (SVDV). Blood, nasal swabs and faeces were collected for up to 6 months after exposure to infection and animals were killed at regular intervals to obtain tissues post-mortem. These samples were examined for virus by conven...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268898001332
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite Department of Health recommendations, universal antenatal testing for hepatitis B virus (HBV) is not performed throughout Scotland. We describe the evaluation of an assay to document past or present infection with HBV, by identifying maternal antibody in routine Guthrie dried neonatal blood spot samples taken ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268898001393
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Experiments with 2 wild type isolates of Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis PT4, which differed in RpoS expression, tolerance to certain hostile environments and pathogenicity, found that changes in in vitro acid, heat, or peroxide tolerance had no effect on the ability of the isolates to multiply in the spleens...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268898001162
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The status of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among non-European Union (non-EU) immigrants in North-East Italy was evaluated. Among the 1683 individuals tested the prevalence of HBsAg was 8.9% (150 subjects) and of HBV antibodies (anti-HBc with/without anti-HBs) was 38.9% (654 subjects). ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268898001034
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Changes in the frequency of serogroup B non serotypable (B:NT) meningococci isolated in England and Wales were investigated by T-track fingerprint analysis, DNA nucleotide sequence determination, and serotyping by whole cell ELISA and dot blot assay. Seventy-three per cent of the isolates designated as B:NT by the Men...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268898008942
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We describe here an examination of the validity of molecular types of Campylobacter jejuni as defined by separation of SmaI-digested DNA using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), recently suggested as part of a molecular subtyping scheme. Thirty-four Danish strains from humans, water, poultry and cattle were assi...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268898008668
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rubella infections, notified by general practitioners on the basis of a clinical diagnosis, were investigated by testing blood and saliva samples for specific IgM. Overall 52 (29%) of 178 cases with appropriately timed blood specimens were confirmed as recent rubella by IgM serology. Only 2 (3%) of 74 cases in childre...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268898008838
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Eight cases of Salmonella senftenberg infection in infants were identified in the first half of 1995 in England, five were indistinguishable S. senftenberg strains. A case-control study showed an association between illness and consumption of one brand of baby cereal (P = 0.03). The cereal manufacturer reported isolat...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268897008546
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::During a survey of foal diarrhoea between 1991 and 1994, Clostridium perfringens was significantly associated with disease with 56% of cases infected [1]. The contribution of enterotoxigenic C. perfringens to this association, was assessed by use of the reverse passive latex agglutination test for enterotoxin (RPLA; O...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268897008534
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A retrospective cohort study was conducted to quantitate the relationship between neutropenia and rates of clinical bacteraemia among adults with HIV infection receiving medical care at one institution between 1991-5. The primary exposure, absolute neutrophil count (ANC), was summarized as mean ANC within a given week...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s095026889700842x
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00